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How GPA Works
Understanding the fundamentals of Grade Point Average calculations and grading systems.
Understanding Grade Point Average (GPA)
Grade Point Average (GPA) is a numerical representation of your academic performance. It's calculated by converting letter grades to point values and averaging them based on credit hours.
GPA Scales
4.0 Scale (Most Common)
- A = 4.0 (Excellent)
- B = 3.0 (Good)
- C = 2.0 (Satisfactory)
- D = 1.0 (Poor)
- F = 0.0 (Failing)
Plus/Minus Variations
- A+ = 4.0, A = 4.0, A- = 3.7
- B+ = 3.3, B = 3.0, B- = 2.7
- C+ = 2.3, C = 2.0, C- = 1.7
- D+ = 1.3, D = 1.0
- F = 0.0
How GPA is Calculated
GPA = (Sum of Grade Points × Credit Hours) ÷ Total Credit Hours
Example Calculation:
| Course | Grade | Credits | Grade Points | Quality Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Math 101 | A | 3 | 4.0 | 12.0 |
| English 101 | B+ | 3 | 3.3 | 9.9 |
| Science 101 | B | 4 | 3.0 | 12.0 |
| Totals | - | 10 | - | 33.9 |
GPA = 33.9 ÷ 10 = 3.39
Types of GPA
- Semester GPA: GPA for a single term
- Cumulative GPA: Overall GPA across all terms
- Major GPA: GPA for courses in your major
- Weighted GPA: Gives extra points for honors/AP courses
Why GPA Matters
- College admissions
- Scholarship eligibility
- Honor roll and academic recognition
- Graduate school applications
- Job applications and internships